political economy

Reading the Substrate argued that analysis of conflict tends to read a story first and the ground beneath it late, and that the ordering is often backwards in its emphasis: ideas set a conflict’s direction, conditions set its reach. That was a claim using looking backwards, about explaining wars that have already happe…

There is a quietly menacing machine humming behind the white lab coats and glossy public health campaigns. It does not wear a stethoscope or develop vaccines out of humanitarian impulse. It sits comfortably in boardrooms, trade negotiation halls, and financial spreadsheets, and its name, though rarely spoken aloud, is …